Different branches of anthropology focus on different aspects of human experience. It is the Scientific study of primate group of mammal . Growth, however, is depended on two factors � heredity and environment. Anthropologists study man as a member of animal kingdom and his behavior as a member of society. It is the study of cross cultural variations in psychological traits. The former, also called environmentalism, states that environment dictates cultural practices whereas the latter denies it and holds that environment has a limiting rather than the determining effect on cultural behaviours.
The Archaeological Anthropologist differs from the socio � cultural Anthropologist in two important aspects : The tendency of inheritance of parental characters in known as heredity. There are many theories regarding the origin of religion among people. With the advancement of genetical sciences, it becomes more and more biology oriented, and by virtue of it, its area of study got considerable extension. By considering the whole situations, it can be divided into the following sub-branches. The teeth provide the body shape and size as well as food habit, and related behavior patterns. The term �ecology� refers to the totality of relations between environment and organism. It provides material on man�s prehistory about which no written records are available. This branch of knowledge becomes very effective in the detection of criminals as well as in the identification of the nature and status of individuals through their biological remains. Physical anthropology is the study of the nature of the similarities and differences in the make up of different human population the world over. Today, physical anthropologists study the impacts of disease, pollution, and poverty on growth. This proves very much effective in combating different diseases in human societies. It is the use of the concept of environment in the explanation of different cultural elements and also the diversity of cultural groups. Archaeology can tell us about the technology of peoples by analyzing the tools they have left behind. It is being inspired by the idea of evolution after the Darwin's publication of the Origin of Species. Archaeological anthropology is an intermediary branch between the two main branches. They evaluate the fossil remains found from different sites and establish their status and evolutionary significance. The differences between magic, religion and science are discussed and debated. The integrated study of the primates, in the background of physical Anthropology gives an intrinsic value to understand the position of man. It deals with the skeletal structure of hominids and non-hominids to understand the similarities and differences of the body parts.
Anthropology mainly has four major branches: Socio-cultural anthropology, Biological or physical anthropology, Archeological anthropology, and Linguistic Anthropology. The ecological perspective in Anthropology was first expressed by Steward in the 1930�s through his most important concept, �cultural ecology, which recognized that culture and environment are not separate spheres but are involved in a dialectic interplay or reciprocal causality.
Cultural anthropology is the main division of anthropology that explains culture in its many aspects. Linguistic Anthropology is that branch of anthropology which deals with language. Anthropology - Anthropology - The major branches of anthropology: Cultural anthropology is that major division of anthropology that explains culture in its many aspects. But the Linguistic Anthropologists study unwritten languages as also written languages.
It is another area of interest to physical anthropology in which biological and mechanisms of growth as well as the impact of the environment on the growth process are studied.
Anthropology, ‘the science of humanity,’ which studies human beings in aspects ranging from the biology and evolutionary history of Homo sapiens to the features of society and culture that decisively distinguish humans from other animal species.
As it is concerned with the traits like growth, age � sex structure, spatial distribution, migration in addition to fertility and mortality of the population, it naturally becomes a specialized branch of physical Anthropology.
It is therefore, a specialized knowledge which attempts to study the distribution of different dental traits among different population. The major difference between Linguists and Linguistic Anthropologist is that the former are mainly concerned with the study of how languages, particularly written ones, are constructed and structured. The concept of reciprocity and redistribution are crucial here The nature of trade and market systems are also studied. Based on this, it can shed light on the economic activities of the people who utilized that technology.
It has produced collateral approaches such as studies of culture and personality, history of culture, cultural ecology, cultural materialism, ethnohistory and histori… Each of these features are culturally conditioned and hence unique to each culture and society. They work on fossil evidences collected from the different layers of the earth.
Such various aspects that Archaeological Anthropologists study begin with an attempt to understand the geological processes, particularly the Great Ice Age, and the succession of climatic phases that have left behind stratigraphic evidences in river terraces and moraines. The process of economic growth and development in societies are ultimately studied. Besides, certain aspects of religions beliefs can also be guessed by observing burial sites and the articles kept in graves. While society�s presence is attested at sub-human level, culture is exclusively a human phenomenon. It deals with the relationship between human beings and their environments. It is the branch of physical anthropology which deals with the documentation of biological history of mankind.
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