Cardiff, Swansea and Newport experienced huge … "But these were scary places; unstable, volatile, dangerous places. It was taken for granted that you would sleep alongside other people.
Tracing your Welsh roots? Popular risings and riots broke out across the country. These are external links and will open in a new windowHow many people do you think could live in a one-room house measuring just 4ft 6in by 7ft (1.4m by 2.1m)?The answer, in Merthyr Tydfil in south Wales in the 1840s, was a family of anything up to four or five people.According to a report on the town published in 1841, some 1,500 people lived in stone huts of this size, often built on top of iron slag heaps.There were no toilets; the streets were open sewers; people were infested with lice and in such overcrowded conditions infections and diseases such as typhus, dysentery and cholera spread at terrifying speed.Small wonder, then, that the slums which grew rapidly around the ironworks that in the first decade of the 19th Century powered Britain's Napoleonic war effort came to be known as Little Hell.Created by the proximity of coal supplies and a river system, the iron industry sprung up in Merthyr in the mid-18th Century and attracted workers from rural Wales, Ireland, England and Scotland.What had been a village of just 40 homes in 1760 grew within 40 years into the iron capital of the world, with a population of almost 8,000 people.With such a rapid influx of workers slum conditions were inevitable, explains Dr Chris Evans, who appears in the fourth part of BBC Wales' history series The Story of Wales. "Life expectancy was extremely low.
These are external links and will open in a new window The answer, in Merthyr Tydfil in south Wales in the 1840s, was a family of anything up to four or five people. The commissioners saw the Welsh language as a drawback and noted that the moral and material condition of the people would only improve with the introduction of English.In response many questioned whether three monoglot Anglican barristers from England were the ideal people to investigate anything in Wales at that time, particularly the Welsh language.This period is associated with that most hated symbol of English cultural oppression, the Welsh Not, or Welsh Note, a means of forcing Welsh children to speak English at school.
But being a baby in Merthyr Tydfil was not a good idea. R J Moore-Colyer, National Library of Wales journal, 1989, Summer. The idea of having your own individual bedroom would have been odd. The mid-19th century was a turbulent period in Welsh history. Questions were raised in Westminster as to why the Welsh people were prone to lawlessness.According to some, one possible reason was the continued existence of the Welsh language. "Epidemics spread very, very quickly. The creation of Wales: 8th - 9th century: The digging of Offa's dyke in the 8th century, as the effective border between Anglo-Saxon England and Celtic Wales, formalizes a situation which has existed for a century and a half. The long-term effects of the Language Clause in the 1536 In this era, convention had practically the same force as law. After a speech in 1846 by William Williams, a Welsh MP representing Coventry, a parliamentary report was commissioned on the role of Welsh in education.The report eventually became known as the Treachery of the Blue Books - 'blue' from the colour of the reports covers and 'treachery' from an ancient Predictably, the report found the provision of education in Wales to be extremely poor. In 1750, Wales was still an overwhelmingly rural country. "The new urban settlements that arose very rapidly had very little urban infrastructure," says Dr Evans, a history professor at the University of Glamorgan. Yet according to historian John Davies, it is unlikely that the use of the Welsh Not was as widespread as the mythology of the 20th century maintains.There is strong evidence of the Welsh Not in Carmarthen, Cardigan and Meirionnydd before 1870, but it was never official government policy.
Extracted onto the pages of GENUKI with the kind permission of the National Library of Wales. Some of these voyages could last for years. Its population of about 500,000 was, however, gaining an expanding industrial base. "A town like Merthyr Tydfil was a byword for squalor, dirt and poor housing, but during the good times you could earn a good living there," says Dr Evans.
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