BIELSKI, TUVIA (1906–1987), ASAEL (1908–1944), and ZUS (1912–1995), Jewish partisans in World War II.
The brothers - Tuvis, Zus and Aasel were to lose their parents and siblings to the cruelty of the Nazis, which began with the creation of ghettos and led on to mass slaughters such as one in which 5,500 people were herded to the outskirts of Lida and machine-gunned into large trenches. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC At the time of liberation, the Bielski group had reached its peak of 1,230 people. Asael was the fifth son of David and Beila Bielski, who had a total of twelve children: ten boys and two girls. When the Russians liberated the area in 1944, 1,200 Jewish men, women, and children emerged alive from the family camp in the forest.Asael was killed a short time later fighting with the Russians in the battle of Marienbad, Germany.
Tuvia, Asael, and Zus Bielski were 3 of 12 children born to a family in Stankevichi, a village near Nowogródek, Poland (now Navahrudak, Belarus). They hid in the forest, organized a group of partisans, and rescued Jews.
This concern was another reason for him in 1943 to draw his entire group deeper into the most inaccessible regions of the forest. The Bielski partisans later supplemented these arms with captured German weapons, Soviet weapons, and equipment supplied by Soviet partisans.Tuvia Bielski saw his principal mission as saving the lives of his fellow Jews.
Tuvia, Asael, Zus, and Aron Bielski were four of twelve children born to a miller and his wife in the rural village of Stankiewicze near Novogrodek. The Bielskis encouraged Jews in nearby Lida, Nowogrodek, Minsk, Iwie, Mir, Baranowicze, and other ghettos to escape and join them in the forest.
In August 1943, however, the Germans began a massive manhunt directed against Russian, Polish, and Jewish partisans in the region.
At first, they hid separately in the countryside. Jewish partisan activity in eastern Europe, 1942-1944
The group organized the skilled workers among the Jewish refugees into workshops, which employed at least 200 people, including cobblers, tailors, carpenters, leather workers, and blacksmiths.In addition, the group established a mill, a bakery, and a laundry.
work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. Those who left Soviet partisan groups because of antisemitism knew they would find refuge in the Bielski unit. Specifically, Tuvia Bielski was a veteran of the Polish army and Polish partisans were also active in the forests of present-day Belarus, but the film only presents the roles of Jews, Russians and Germans. They were the only Jews in that small community, and they quickly became self-sufficient.
They faced overwhelming odds and desperate scenarios, including lack of weapons and training, operating in hostile zones, parting from family members, and facing an ever-present Nazi terror. Their familiarity with its geography, customs, and people helped them elude the German authorities and their Belorussian auxiliaries. The three brothers grew up in the small village of Stankewicze in western Belorussia. Subsequently, although the group remained de facto united and under Tuvia Bielski’s command, they formally split into the “Kalinin” and “Ordzhonikidze” detachments of the Kirov Brigade of Soviet partisans.At the same time that it saved lives and protected the noncombatants in the camp, the Bielski group carried out several operational missions. As a result, the Bielski group moved in December 1943 to what became a permanent base in the Naliboki Forest, a swampy, scarcely accessible region on the right bank of the Niemen River, east of Lida and northeast of Nowogrodek.It was in this primitive and unlikely setting that the Bielski group created a community. He recognized the vital role of the camp as a maintenance base for Soviet partisans. From its inception, Tuvia Bielski insisted that saving Jewish lives was as important as acts of sabotage.
More than 70 percent were women, elderly persons, and children, who otherwise would have perished under the German occupation. David Bielski, the father, owned a mill and the family farmed its land. But he was above all passionate and utterly determined, possessing a connection to the sufferings of the Jewish people that bordered on the mystical. The Bielski fighters often joined with Soviet partisans in operations against German guards and facilities, killing many Germans and Belorussian collaborators.On June 22, 1944, Soviet troops initiated a massive offensive in Eastern Belorussia.
Jewish partisans serving in Soviet partisan organizations also fell in with the Bielskis in an attempt to escape antisemitism in their units.
Tuvia Bielski saw his principal mission as saving the lives of his fellow Jews. Tuvia Bielski was a deeply complex man: cruel and tender, charismatic and profane, hotheaded and composed.
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