Outgroups who are members of historically disadvantaged groups, in particular, are targets of controlling or patronizing speech, biased feedback, and nonverbal behavior that leaks bias.People communicate their prejudiced attitudes and stereotypic beliefs in numerous ways. When Whites’ and Blacks’ interracial contact experiences diverge.
Based on the quality of the prejudice, it can be either benevolent or hostile. Richeson, J. Dion, K. L., & Dion, K. K. (1987). As noted earlier, the work on prejudiced communication has barely scratched the surface of Twitter, Facebook, and other social media outlets. The intended humor may focus on a group’s purported forgetfulness, lack of intelligence, sexual promiscuity, self-serving actions, or even inordinate politeness. Race and Ethnicity in U.S. Media Content and EffectsSocial Psychological Approaches to Intergroup CommunicationBehavioral Indicators of Discrimination in Social Interactions There is some evidence that, at least in group settings, higher status others withhold appropriate praise from lower status outgroup members. Personal use only; commercial use is strictly prohibited (for details see Prejudiced attitudes and stereotypic beliefs about outgroups can be reflected in language and everyday conversations. In fact, preference for disparaging humor is especially strong among individuals who adhere to hierarchy-endorsing myths that dismiss such humor as harmless (Hodson, Rush, & MacInnis, Group-disparaging humor often relies heavily on cultural knowledge of stereotypes. The nerd, jock, evil scientist, dumb blonde, racist sheriff, and selfish businessman need little introduction as they briefly appear in various stories. Mullen, B., Rozell, D., & Johnson, C. (1996). Most notably, communicators may feel pressured to transmit a coherent message. Stereotypes help people connect with others in the community: A situated functional analysis of the stereotype consistency bias in communication. People also direct prejudiced communication to outgroups: They talk down to others, give vacuous feedback and advice, and nonverbally leak disdain or anxiety. But other motivations that insidiously favor the transmission of biased beliefs come into play. More implicit attitudes and beliefs may be leaked through variations in sentence structure and subtle word choices. Although the person issuing the invite may not consciously have intended to exclude female, unmarried, or sexual minority faculty members, the word choice implies that such individuals did not merit forethought. ‘Leave your comment below’: Can biased online comments influence our own prejudicial attitudes and behaviors?
), Leader, T., Mullen, B., & Rice, D. (2009). (2008). (2016). (2009). Negativity toward outgroup members also might be apparent in facial micro-expressions signals related to frowning: when people are experiencing negative feelings, the brow region furrows . Relational characteristics of language: Elaboration and differentiation in marital conversations.
Sillars, A., Shellen, W., McIntosh, A., & Pomegranate, M. (1997). This chapter addresses both theoretical and empirical gaps in the literature of stereotypic beliefs and prejudiced attitudes as noticed in everyday communication. In one study, White participants who overheard a racial slur about a Black student inferred that the student had lower skills than when participants heard a negative non-racial comment or heard no comment at all (Greenberg & Pyszczynski, Broadly speaking, people generally favor members of their ingroup over members of outgroups. Hodson, G., Rush, J., & MacInnis, C. C. (2010). Prejudice can be a huge problem for successful communication across cultural barriers.
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